However, this tool has to be available first. One way to do this is by using a (parametric) design automation tool. Because time is of the essence, more concepts need to be explored within the same timeframe. Design automation is defined as automating (part of the) design process to make it less time demanding. This provides maximum mass and minimum area against impact or overturning.For my graduation I researched the applicability of design automation for the breakwater design process. These blocks are prepared as rectangular solids and laid with ends towards the waves. These blocks weigh 25 tons to 30 tons and are either deposited at random or laid in courses. This, to a great extent, resists the flattening action of the waves by sheer weight. Methods of Protection for Heap or Mound Breakwaterĭumping heavy concrete blocks on top and the front face. The types of construction procedures shall be explained in detail in a separate article. The mound construction can be carried out by any one of the following three methods. The mounds are formed in assorted layers, the smaller sized material being disposed at the base and the larger at the top and sides, particularly in between the low and high water levels, the region that is largely affected. The concrete blocks, made of large rectangular blocks, are laid as headers, offering minimum face area and maximum resistance to overturning. Hence, large and bigger blocks of 30 tons each or more are deposited at a slope of 1 to 1 in this region. The wave effect and disruption of the mound are felt maximum between high water level and low water level. They stand in composure, below levels of wave effect at slopes of 45° to 50°. The mounds lack variability in shape and section, especially the upper portions. Stability of mounds with superstructure founded below low water level Moreover, in deep waters, this type is very economical in mound material. This type of construction affords the advantage of founding the superstructure well below the level of disturbance, the waves having practically no disturbing effect at such low levels. Mound with Superstructure Founded below Low Water Level In addition, the front batter changes from 2.8 to 1, abruptly to 1:1 to provide a sharp edge to cut the waves on impact. Huge concrete blocks are used on the sea face for protection. Unlike the ordinary or plain mound breakwater, this type of construction makes it possible for ships to come close to the breakwater wall on the inner or harbor side for loading and unloading cargo. It decreases the mass of rubble required for the mound in proportion to the depth at which it is founded.It gives a platform for handling cargo.The advantages of such a construction are: Such a construction is founded on the low water level. Mound with Superstructure at Low WaterĪ solid superstructure that consists of a Quay protected by a parapet on the sea face is constructed on top of the rubble mound. Also, the size of concrete blocks could be controlled to suit the exposure condition. Concrete blocks have the advantage that they can be heaped at a steeper slope than rubble, economizing in space and material. If rubble is difficult to find, concrete blocks are used to form the mound. This arrangement is coherent, exposing the bigger sizes to the action of the waves, while the smaller sizes forming the core are protected. The sizes are increased gradually outwards. Rubble mounds are formed using the rubble of different weights, placed according to sizes-the smaller and lighter materials constituting the core. Accordingly, all protective methods are adopted above the low water level. The most disturbing action of the waves is in between the high and low water levels. Such flattening has to be protected as far as possible. The waves gradually drag down the mound on exposed sites, giving it a flat slope on the sea face. The quantity of rubble depends upon the depth and height of tides or waves.
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